2016年GRE填空考前模拟练习题(五)答案解析

2022-06-04 09:59:14

  2016年

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  1. In contrast to the substantial muscular activity required for inhalation, exhalation is usually a ___ process.

  (A) slow

  (B) passive

  (C) precise

  (D) complex

  (E) conscious

  翻译:不同于吸气需要大量肌肉参与,呼气通常是一个被动过程。

  选B

  conscious 有意识的,知觉的,刻意的,特别留意的

  2. A computer program can provide information in ways that force students to participate inlearning instead of being merely ___ of knowledge.

  (A) creators

  (B) consumers

  (C) recipients

  (D) custodians

  (E) beneficiaries

  翻译:电脑程序提供的信息可以一定程度上强制学生参与学习过程而不只是接受知识。

  选C

  custodian 监护人

  beneficiary (馈赠,遗产,财物,基金等的)受益人

  3. While the delegate clearly sought to ___ the optimism that has emerged recently, shestopped short of suggesting that the conference was near collapse and might produce nothing of significance.

  (A) substantiate

  (B) dampen

  (C) encourage

  (D) elucidate

  (E) rekindle

  翻译:尽管那个代表明显试图打压最近出现的乐观情绪,但她决定避而不谈会议已近崩溃难有作为。

  选B

  while 引导让步

  substantiate 证实,证明,用事实支持

  dampen 使潮湿,减弱、抑制(情绪,热情等)

  elucidate 解释,阐明

  rekindle 重新点燃(可燃物,感情等)

  难点在于固定搭配

  stop short of doing something 决定不做某事;几乎做了但没有完成某事

  stop short of doing something

  1. to decide not to do something

  I stopped short of telling him what I really felt about him.

  2. to almost do something, or partly do something without completing it

  The punishments are quite severe but theystop short of losing your job.

  (Cambridge Dictionary of American Idioms)

  尽管代表试图打压乐观情绪唱衰会议,她也是这样认为的(要崩溃没作为),但她决定不提出自己的想法了,构成让步。

  4. Foucault’s rejection of the concept of continuity in Western thought, though radical, was not unique; he had ___ in the United States who, without knowledge of his work, developed parallel ideas.

  (A) critics

  (B) counterparts

  (C) publishers

  (D) disciples

  (E) readers

  翻译:福柯对西方观念延续传承看法的否定尽管极端,却不是唯一的;在美国就有人独立地提出过类似的观点。

  选B

  disciple 信众,追随者,门徒

  傅科 [Foucault, Michel (Paul)]

  (1926.10.15,法国 普瓦捷~1984.6.25,巴黎)

  法国结构主义哲学家和历史学家。自1970年起在法兰西学院任教。研究社会运作所凭依的道德规范与观念,特别是一个社会自我界定所依据的“排除原则”(例如心智健全与精神失常之间的区别)。他提出这样一个命题:收容所、,而通过观察社会对这类机构的态度,便可以对权力的发展与运用状况进行考察。著作有:《疯狂与文明》(1961)、《事物之秩序》(1966)、《知识考古学》(1969)、《纪律与惩罚》(1975)和《性史》(3卷,1976~1984),确立了他作为那个时代法国最著名学者之一的地位。他坦然承认自己是同性恋者,。

  (大英袖珍百科)

  其实一般译为福柯

  5. Because they have been so dazzled by the calendars and the knowledge of astronomy possessed by the Mayan civilization, some anthropologists have ___ achievements like the sophisticated carved calendar sticks of the Winnebago people.

  (A) described

  (B) acknowledged

  (C) neglected

  (D) overlooked

  (E) defended

  (F) authenticated

  翻译:有些人类学者眼花缭乱于玛雅文明的天文知识与历法,所以忽略了其他文明的成就,比如温内贝戈人雕饰精美复杂的历法棒。

  选CD

  从某网站的统计来看,本题的正确率高达85%,然而我却做错了,也是够沮丧的。

  下面作为反面教材,告诉大家我是怎么一步步走上邪路的。

  1 上手找到了 because ,因果关系无疑,又看到了 so 即使后面没出现 that 也能暗示 dazzled 是重要线索。

  2 Mayan 文明的历法和天文知识把 anthropologists 晃瞎 / 使 anthropologists 赞叹惊呆,所以他们对 W 人的棒棒 也___ 了。

  3 当然是也承认了,选BF。

  4 第一个错误在于把 dazzled 固执地认定是一个正评价,不知不觉地违规运用了 “玛雅文化当然很牛逼啦” 的半吊子背景知识,其实 dazzle 在句中只是 “把人晃瞎 / 使失去判断力” 的意思,完全是中性的叙述。

  5 第二个错误在于把 so 错误地移到第二个分句,做了 “也,同样地” 的解释,这个动作是下意识完成的,阅读理解能力不过关的表现,其实 so 只出现在第一个分句中是 “如此” 的意思。

  6 错误地运用了背景知识,导致了致命的发散思路,这是我们在以前的讲解中一再叮嘱大家注意的问题,请不要像我一样不专业。

  6. Certain weeds that flourish among rice crops resist detection until maturity by ___ theseedling stage in the rice plant’s life cycle, thereby remaining indistinguishable from the rice crop until the flowering stage.

  (A) deterring

  (B) displacing

  (C) augmenting

  (D) imitating

  (E) nurturing

  (F) simulating

  翻译:某些混杂在水稻中发芽的种子,可以通过模仿苗期的水稻植株防止被人发现,因此直到花期以前都无法区分。

  选DF

  thereby 因果关系

  花期就是成熟期,开花意味着准备好繁殖了,即成熟了

  maturity 成熟(期)

  seedling stage 苗期,种子发芽手尚未成熟的阶段

  deter 威吓,阻止

  augment 扩大,增加

  nurture 喂养,培养

  7. During the opera’s most famous aria the tempo chosen by the orchestra’s conductor seemed ___ , without necessary relation to what had gone before.

  (A) arbitrary

  (B) capricious

  (C) cautious

  (D) compelling

  (E) exacting

  (F) meticulous

  翻译:演到这出歌剧最著名的咏叹调时,乐团指挥选择的节奏跟之前大相径庭,显得相当任性。

  选AB

  arbitrary 任性的,武断的,****的

  capricious 任性的,反复无常的,变幻莫测的

  cautious 谨慎小心的,提防的

  compelling 强制的,有很强说服力的

  exacting 苛求的,严格的

  meticulous 谨小慎微的,过于注意细节的

  8. No longer ___ by the belief that the world around us was expressly designed for humanity , many people try to find intellectual ___ for that lost certainty in astrology and in mysticism.

  

  翻译:“世界是专为人类设计的” 这一理念的破除,使人们不再确信占星术和神秘主义,他们尝试寻找各种理性的替代物。

  选AE

  没有明显的指示词,但仍然是一道线索清晰的题目。

  标蓝的部分 that certainty 那种确定性,那种确信,一般来说,填空中出现的代词 that , such 都一定指称前文出现过的某种事物,这种隐藏线索需要特别注意。

  占星术和神秘主义以前是有 that certainty 的,现在 lost 了,那么第一空我们就可以确定 sustained 支撑,确定,认可(呼应 certainty),no longer sustained 可以呼应 lost ,既然已经 lost 了,那么第二空也就可以确定是 substitutes ,代用品。

  本题可扩展的内容很多,明天我专门写一篇文章讨论这题好了。

  9. That his intransigence in making decisions ___ no open disagreement from any quarter was well known ; thus, clever subordinates learned the art of ___ their opinions in casual remarks.

  

  翻译:众所周知,他固执己见从不容忍任何公开的反对,因此,聪明的下属们学会了闲聊中迂回地表达自己的看法。

  选CD

  intransigence 顽固,固执己见

  quarter

  [C] person or group of people, esp as a possible source of help, information, etc 人, 团体(尤指可能提供援助﹑ 消息等的):

  As her mother was now very poor she could expect no help from that quarter.

  她母亲已很贫困, 她无法指望得到母亲的帮助. *

  The minister's speech is interpreted in some quarters (ie by some people) as an admission that the Government was wrong.

  部长的讲话有人认为是承认政府错了.

  (牛津高阶双解)

  forbear 克制,阻止

  engender 引起

  brook 容忍

  subordinate 下属

  intimate (谨慎或间接地)提示,暗示

  instigate 怂恿,唆使,鼓动

  emend 校正,修订

  10. Many of the earliest colonial houses that are still standing have been so modified and enlarged that the ___ design is no longer ___ .

  

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