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剑桥雅思8阅读test2原文READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
Sheet glass manufacture:
the float process
Glass, which has been made since the time of the Mesopotamians and Egyptians, is little more than a mixture of sand, soda ash and lime. When heated to about 1500 degrees Celsius (℃) this becomes a molten mass that hardens when slowly cooled. The first successful method for making clear, flat glass involved spinning. This method was very effective as the glass had not touched any surfaces between being soft and becoming hard, so it stayed perfectly unblemished, with a 'fire finish'. However, the process took a long time and was labour intensive.
Nevertheless, demand for flat glass was very high and glassmakers across the world were looking for a method of making it continuously. The first continuous ribbon process involved squeezing molten glass through two hot rollers, similar to an old mangle. This allowed glass of virtually any thickness to be made non-stop, but the rollers would leave both sides of the glass marked, and these would then need to be ground and polished. This part of the process rubbed away around 20 per cent of the glass, and the machines were very expensive.
The float process for making flat glass was invented by Alistair Pilkington. This process allows the manufacture of clear, tinted and coated glass for buildings, and clear and tinted glass for vehicles. Pilkington had been experimenting with improving the melting process, and in 1952 he had the idea of using a bed of molten metal to form the flat glass, eliminating altogether the need for rollers within the float bath. The metal had to melt at a temperature less than the hardening point of glass (about 600℃), but could not boil at a temperature below the temperature of the molten glass (about 1500℃). The best metal for the job was tin.
The rest of the concept relied on gravity, which guaranteed that the surface of the molten metal was perfectly flat and horizontal. Consequently, when pouring molten glass onto the molten tin, the underside of the glass would also be perfectly flat. If the glass were kept hot enough, it would flow over the molten tin until the top surface was also flat, horizontal and perfectly parallel to the bottom surface. Once the glass cooled to 604℃ or less it was too hard to mark and could be transported out of the cooling zone by rollers. The glass settled to a thickness of six millimetres because of surface tension interactions between the glass and the tin. By fortunate coincidence, 60 per cent of the flat glass market at that time was for six-millimetre glass.
Pilkington built a pilot plant in 1953 and by 1955 he had convinced his company to build a full-scale plant. However, it took 14 months of non-stop production, costing the company ￡100,000 a month, before the plant produced any usable glass. Furthermore, once they succeeded in making marketable flat glass, the machine was turned off for a service to prepare it for years of continuous production. When it started up again it took another four months to get the process right again. They finally succeeded in 1959 and there are now float plants all over the world, with each able to produce around 1000 tons of glass every day, non-stop for around 15 years.
Float plants today make glass of near optical quality. Several processes — melting, refining, homogenising — take place simultaneously in the 2000 tonnes of molten glass in the furnace. They occur in separate zones in a complex glass flow driven by high temperatures. It adds up to a continuous melting process, lasting as long as 50 hours, that delivers glass smoothly and continuously to the float bath, and from there to a coating zone and finally a heat treatment zone, where stresses formed during cooling are relieved.
The principle of float glass is unchanged since the 1950s. However, the product has changed dramatically, from a single thickness of 6.8 mm to a range from sub-millimetre to 25 mm, from a ribbon frequently marred by inclusions and bubbles to almost optical perfection. To ensure the highest quality, inspection takes place at every stage. Occasionally, a bubble is not removed during refining, a sand grain refuses to melt, a tremor in the tin puts ripples into the glass ribbon. Automated on-line inspection does two things. Firstly, it reveals process faults upstream that can be corrected. Inspection technology allows more than 100 million measurements a second to be made across the ribbon, locating flaws the unaided eye would be unable to see. Secondly, it enables computers downstream to steer cutters around flaws.
Float glass is sold by the square metre, and at the final stage computers translate customer requirements into patterns of cuts designed to minimise waste.
Questions 1-8
Complete the table and diagram below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet.
Early methods of producing flat glass
Method Advantages Disadvantages
1............
Glass remained
2........... Slow
3.............
Ribbon
Could produce glass sheets of varying 4.............
non-stop process Glass was 5...........
20% of glass rubbed away
Machines were expensive
Questions 9-13
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1
In boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
9 The metal used in the float process had to have specific properties.
10 Pilkington invested some of his own money in his float plant.
11 Pilkington’s first full-scale plant was an instant commercial success.
12 The process invented by Pilkington has now been improved.
13 Computers are better than humans at detecting faults in glass.
剑桥雅思8阅读test2原文READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.
Question 14-17
Reading passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F.
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B and D-F from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i Predicting climatic changes
ii The relevance of the Little Ice Age today
iii How cities contribute to climate change.
iv Human impact on the climate
v How past climatic conditions can be determined
vi A growing need for weather records
vii A study covering a thousand years
viii People have always responded to climate change
ix Enough food at last
Example Answer
Paragraph A Viii
14 Paragraph B
Example Answer
Paragraph C V
15 Paragraph D
16 Paragraph E
17 Paragraph F
THE LITTLE ICE AGE
A This book will provide a detailed examination of the Little Ice Age and other climatic shifts, but, before I embark on that, let me provide a historical context. We tend to think of climate — as opposed to weather — as something unchanging, yet humanity has been at the mercy of climate change for its entire existence, with at least eight glacial episodes in the past 730,000 years. Our ancestors adapted to the universal but irregular global warming since the end of the last great Ice Age, around 10,000 years ago, with dazzling opportunism. They developed strategies for surviving harsh drought cycles, decades of heavy rainfall or unaccustomed cold; adopted agriculture and stock-raising, which revolutionised human life; and founded the world's first pre-industrial civilisations in Egypt, Mesopotamia and the Americas. But the price of sudden climate change, in famine, disease and suffering, was often high.
B The Little Ice Age lasted from roughly 1300 until the middle of the nineteenth century. Only two centuries ago, Europe experienced a cycle of bitterly cold winters; mountain glaciers in the Swiss Alps were the lowest in recorded memory, and pack ice surrounded Iceland for much of the year. The climatic events of the Little Ice Age did more than help shape the modern world. They are the deeply important context for the current unprecedented global warming. The Little Ice Age was far from a deep freeze, however; rather an irregular seesaw of rapid climatic shifts, few lasting more than a quarter-century, driven by complex and still little understood interactions between the atmosphere and the ocean. The seesaw brought cycles of intensely cold winters and easterly winds, then switched abruptly to years of heavy spring and early summer rains, mild winters, and frequent Atlantic storms, or to periods of droughts, light northeasterly winds, and summer heat waves.
C Reconstructing the climate changes of the past is extremely difficult, because systematic weather observations began only a few centuries ago, in Europe and North America. Records from India and tropical Africa are even more recent. For the time before records began, we have only 'proxy records' reconstructed largely from tree rings and ice cores, supplemented by a few incomplete written accounts. We now have hundreds of tree-ring records from throughout the northern hemisphere, and many from south of the equator, too, amplified with a growing body of temperature data from ice cores drilled in Antarctica, Greenland, the Peruvian Andes, and other locations, we are close to a knowledge of annual summer and winter temperature variations over much of the northern hemisphere going back 600 years.
D This book is a narrative history of climatic shifts during the past ten centuries, and some of the ways in which people in Europe adapted to them. Part One describes the Medieval Warm Period, roughly 900 to 1200. During these three centuries, Norse voyagers from Northern Europe explored northern seas, settled Greenland, and visited North America. It was not a time of uniform warmth, for then, as always since the Great Ice Age, there were constant shifts in rainfall and temperature. Mean European temperatures were about the same as today, perhaps slightly cooler.
E It is known that the Little Ice Age cooling began in Greenland and the Arctic in about 1200. As the Arctic ice pack spread southward, Norse voyages to the west were rerouted into the open Atlantic, then ended altogether. Storminess increased in the North Atlantic and North Sea. Colder, much wetter weather descended on Europe between 1315 and 1319, when thousands perished in a continent-wide famine. By 1400, the weather had become decidedly more unpredictable and stormier, with sudden shifts and lower temperatures that culminated in the cold decades of the late sixteenth century. Fish were a vital commodity in growing towns and cities, where food supplies were a constant concern. Dried cod and herring were already the staples of the European fish trade, but changes in water temperatures forced fishing fleets to work further offshore. The Basques, Dutch, and English developed the first offshore fishing boats adapted to a colder and stormier Atlantic. A gradual agricultural revolution in northern Europe stemmed from concerns over food supplies at a time of rising populations. The revolution involved intensive commercial farming and the growing of animal fodder on land not previously used for crops. The increased productivity from farmland made some countries self-sufficient in grain and livestock and offered effective protection against famine.
F Global temperatures began to rise slowly after 1850, with the beginning of the Modern Warm Period. There was a vast migration from Europe by land-hungry farmers and others, to which the famine caused by the Irish potato blight contributed, to North America, Australia, New Zealand, and southern Africa. Millions of hectares of forest and woodland fell before the newcomers' axes between 1850 and 1890, as intensive European farming methods expanded across the world. The unprecedented land clearance released vast quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, triggering for the first time humanly caused global warming. Temperatures climbed more rapidly in the twentieth century as the use of fossil fuels proliferated and greenhouse gas levels continued to soar. The rise has been even steeper since the early 1980s. The Little Ice Age has given way to a new climatic regime, marked by prolonged and steady warming. At the same time, extreme weather events like Category 5 hurricanes are becoming more frequent.
Questions 18-22
Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.
Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet.
Weather during the Little Ice Age
Documentation of past weather conditions is limited: our main sources of knowledge of conditions in the distant past are 18...........and 19.................. We can deduce that the Little Ice Age was a time of 20.............. , rather than of consistent freezing. Within it there were some periods of very cold winters, other of 21...............and heavy rain, and yet others that saw 22................with no rain at all.
A climatic shifts B ice cores C tree rings
D glaciers E interactions F weather observations
G heat waves H storms I written accounts
Questions 23-26
Classify the following events as occurring during the
A Medieval Warm Period
B Little Ice Age
C Modern Warm Period
Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.
23 Many Europeans started farming abroad.
24 The cutting down of trees began to affect the climate.
25 Europeans discovered other lands.
26 Changes took place in fishing patterns.
剑桥雅思8阅读test2原文READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 on the following pages.
Questions 27-32
Reading Passage 3 has six paragraphs, A-F.
Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i-viii, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i The difficulties of talking about smells
ii The role of smell in personal relationships
iii Future studies into smell
iv The relationship between the brain and the nose
v The interpretation of smells as a factor in defining groups
vi Why our sense of smell is not appreciated
vii Smell is our superior sense
viii The relationship between smell and feelings
27 paragraph A
28 paragraph B
29 paragraph C
30 paragraph D
31 paragraph E
32 paragraph F
The meaning and power of smell
The sense of smell, or olfaction, is powerful. Odours affect us on a physical, psychological and social level. For the most part, however, we breathe in the aromas which surround us without being consciously aware of their importance to us. It is only when the faculty of smell is impaired for some reason that we begin to realise the essential role the sense of smell plays in our sense of well-being
A A survey conducted by Anthony Synott at Montreal's Concordia University asked participants to comment on how important smell was to them in their lives. It became apparent that smell can evoke strong emotional responses. A scent associated with a good experience can bring a rush of joy, while a foul odour or one associated with a bad memory may make us grimace with disgust. Respondents to the survey noted that many of their olfactory likes and dislikes were based on emotional associations. Such associations can be powerful enough so that odours that we would generally label unpleasant become agreeable, and those that we would generally consider fragrant become disagreeable for particular individuals. The perception of smell, therefore, consists not only of the sensation of the odours themselves, but of the experiences and emotions associated with them.
B Odours are also essential cues in social bonding. One respondent to the survey believed that there is no true emotional bonding without touching and smelling a loved one. In fact, infants recognise the odours of their mothers soon after birth and adults can often identify their children or spouses by scent. In one well-known test, women and men were able to distinguish by smell alone clothing worn by their marriage partners from similar clothing worn by other people. Most of the subjects would probably never have given much thought to odour as a cue for identifying family members before being involved in the test, but as the experiment revealed, even when not consciously considered, smells register.
C In spite of its importance to our emotional and sensory lives, smell is probably the most undervalued sense in many cultures. The reason often given for the low regard in which smell is held is that, in comparison with its importance among animals, the human sense of smell is feeble and undeveloped. While it is true that the olfactory powers of humans are nothing like as fine as those possessed by certain animals, they are still remarkably acute. Our noses are able to recognise thousands of smells, and to perceive odours which are present only in extremely small quantities.
D Smell, however, is a highly elusive phenomenon. Odours, unlike colours, for instance, cannot be named in many languages because the specific vocabulary simply doesn't exist. ‘It smells like…,’ we have to say when describing an odour, struggling to express our olfactory experience. Nor can odours be recorded: there is no effective way to either capture or store them over time. In the realm of olfaction, we must make do with descriptions and recollections. This has implications for olfactory research.
E Most of the research on smell undertaken to date has been of a physical scientific nature. Significant advances have been made in the understanding of the biological and chemical nature of olfaction, but many fundamental questions have yet to be answered. Researchers have still to decide whether smell is one sense or two — one responding to odours proper and the other registering odourless chemicals in the air. Other unanswered questions are whether the nose is the only part of the body affected by odours, and how smells can be measured objectively given the non-physical components. Questions like these mean that interest in the psychology of smell is inevitably set to play an increasingly important role for researchers.
F However, smell is not simply a biological and psychological phenomenon. Smell is cultural, hence it is a social and historical phenomenon. Odours are invested with cultural values: smells that are considered to be offensive in some cultures may be perfectly acceptable in others. Therefore, our sense of smell is a means of, and model for, interacting with the world. Different smells can provide us with intimate and emotionally charged experiences and the value that we attach to these experiences is interiorised by the members of society in a deeply personal way. Importantly, our commonly held feelings about smells can help distinguish us from other cultures. The study of the cultural history of smell is, therefore, in a very real sense, an investigation into the essence of human culture.
Questions 33-36
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 33-36 on your answer sheet.
33 According to the introduction, we become aware of the importance of smell when
A we discover a new smell.
B we experience a powerful smell.
C our ability to smell is damaged.
D we are surrounded by odours.
34 The experiment described in paragraph B
A shows how we make use of smell without realising it.
B demonstrates that family members have a similar smell.
C proves that a sense of smell is learnt.
D compares the sense of smell in males and females.
35 What is the write doing in paragraph C
A supporting other research
B making a proposal
C rejecting a common belief
D describing limitations
36 What does the write suggest about the study of smell in the atmosphere in paragraph E
A The measurement of smell is becoming more accurate.
B Researchers believe smell is a purely physical reaction.
C Most smells are inoffensive.
D Smell is yet to be defined.
Questions 37-40
Complete the sentences below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.
37 Tests have shown that odours can help people recognise the.......... belonging to their husbands and wives.
38 Certain linguistic groups may have difficulty describing smell because they lack the appropriate ................ .
39 The sense of smell may involve response to................ which do not smell, in addition to obvious odours.
40 Odours regarded as unpleasant in certain.................are not regarded as unpleasant in others.
剑桥雅思8阅读Test2答案解析Passage1
Question 1
答案： spinning
关键词： method
定位原文: 第1段第3句“The first successful method for…”
解题思路: 此题的较容易。空格中所填词应为 method的名称。通过 The first successful method for making clear, flat glass involved spinning 可知本题答案为 spinning。
Question 2
答案： (perfectly) unblemished
关键词： glass , remained
定位原文： 第1段倒数第2句“...so it stayed perfectly unblemished,...”
解题思路： 此题的定位词被同义转述为stayed。 所以此题填：(perfectly) unblemished。
Question 3
答案： labour- intensive
关键词： disadvantages, slow
定位原文： 第1段最后1句“However, the process took a long...”
解题思路： 由题目中的 disadvantages 找到文章中表示意思 与上文相反或相对的强转折词 However。同时 根据 slow 判断本题需填入与之并列的形容词。通过第一段最后一句可确定本题答案为 labour-intensive。
Question 4
答案： thickness
关键词： ribbon, varying
对应原文： 第2段第3句“This allowed glass of virtually…”
解题思路： 此题通过Ribbon可以定位到第二段，其中 Advantage部分集中在第三句;文中any对应题中varying。所以此题填：thickness。
Question 5
答案： marked
关键词： disadvantages, 20%
定位原文： 第2段倒数第2句“...but the rollers would leave both sides of the glass marked,...”
解题思路： 此题通过20%定位于对应句之后的那一 句，按照顺序原则找到对应处中的glass。空格中所填词应为glass的状态。所以此题填：marked。
Question 6
答案: (molten) glass
关键词: Pilkington, float process
定位原文: 第3段第3句“Pilkington had been experimenting…”
解题思路： 由图可知本题需填入进入 melting zone 的指代某种液体的名词。 由原文 when pouring molten glass onto the molten tin 可知本题 答案为 (molten) glass。
Question 7
答案： (molten)tin/metal
关键词： Pilkington, float process
定位原文： 第3段第3句“Pilkington had been experimenting with…”
解题思路： 空格中所填词为在glass下面的物质,文中对应句里bed —词对应其位置。所以此题填：(molten) tin/metal。
Question 8
答案: rollers
关键词: Pilkington, float process
定位原文: 第3段第3句“Pilkington had been experimenting with…”
解题思路: 空格中所填词为glass两侧滚动装置的名称。所以此题填：rollers。
Question 9
答案: TRUE
关键词: metal, float process
定位原文: 第3段倒数第2句“The metal had to melt…”
解题思路： 本句指出：该金属的熔点必须低于玻璃的硬化温度(约600摄氏度)，但同时沸点要高于熔化玻璃的温度(约1500摄氏度)。文中对应句确实提到了该金属熔点上的特性。故此题答案为： TRUE。
Question 10
答案: NOT GIVEN
关键词： Pilkington, plant
定位原文： 第5段第1句“Pilkington built a pilot plant…”
解题思路: 文中对应句仅提到公司给该车间投资，未提及Pilkington本人是否投资。故此题答案为NOT GIVEN。
Question 11
答案: FALSE
关键词: Pilkington’s first full- scale plant
定位原文: 第5段倒数第3句到最后一句“Furthermore, once they succeeded in making…”
解题思路: 由第 2 句句首的强转折 词 However 可知,情况向相反的 方向发生变化。此后的句子则具体 说明成功路上的各种阻碍,在最后 一句中看到最终取得成功的时间 是 1959 年,与题目中表述 instant commercial success 相反。
Question 12
答案： TRUE
关键词： process, now
定位原文：第7段第1句“The principle of float…”
解题思路：由题目中now一词定位至文章第六段第 1 句,本段的内容是 process improved 的具体表现。所以题目表述与原文相符,表述正确。
Question 13
答案： TRUE
关键词： computers, humans
定位原文： 第7段第3句“To ensure the highest…”
解题思路： 本题考查比较级和最高级的同义转述。文中inspection是由电脑执行的，且能确保最高的质量，说明人在这方面确实不如电脑。故此题答案为：TRUE。
剑桥雅思8阅读Test2答案解析Test 2 Passage2
Question 14
答案: ii
关键词: 根据段落选择，无题干关键词
定位原文: B段第1句“The Little Ice Age…”
解题思路: 本段第3句说“小冰河期的气候 不仅仅是帮助形成了现今的世界”,原 文中的 modern world 对应选项 ii 中的 today，小冰期大致从公元1300年持续到19世纪中期，且整段话就是在描述小冰期对于现在的一些影响。因此答案为ii。
Question 15
答案: vii
关键词: 根据段落选择，无题干关键词
定位原文: D段第1句“This book is a narrative…”
解题思路: the past ten centuries 对应选项 vii 中的 a thousand years，文章中 a narrative history of climatic shifts 对应选项 vii 中的 study, D段首句强调，该书的内容是对1000年来气候变化的描述以及欧洲人的适应方式。因此答案为vii。
Question 16
答案： ix
关键词： 根据段落选择，无题干关键词
定位原文： E段最后1句“The increased productivity…”
解题思路: E段末句指出，部分国家在粮食和家畜方面的自给自足为抵制饥荒提供了有效保障。因此答案为ix。
Question 17
答案： iv
关键词： 根据段落选择，无题干关键词
定位原文： F段第1、2句“Global temperatures began to…”
解题思路： F段首句和次句指出，全球气温的上升引起了大规模的人口迁徙，随后描述了其对气候变化的影响。因此答案为iv。
Question 18 & Question 19
答案: B C (in either order)
关键词： documentation of past weather conditions, sources, distant past
定位原文： C段第2句“For the time before…”
解题思路: 此题定位较难，在C段中扫描到第2句结束才会发现past的反义词recent, 但也说明从其后开始就是答案的出处。空格中所填词应为对于过去气候认识的来源。
Question 20
答案： A
关键词： consistent freezing
定位原文： B段第5句“The Little Ice Age was far from a deep…”
解题思路：此题定位很难，出现了严重的乱序。定位词对应B段定位句中的deep freeze。空格中所填词应与consistent freezing的意思相反(rather than)。故此题答案为A。
Question 21
答案： H
关键词： cold winters, heavy rain
定位原文： B段最后1句“The seesaw brought…”
解题思路：此题按照顺序原则较易定位。空格中所填词应与heavy rains形成并列。故此题答案为H。
Question 22
答案： G
关键词： yet, no rain at all, cold winters
定位原文： B段最后1句“The seesaw brought…”
解题思路: 此空所填词为with no rain所修饰的对象，其对应文中的droughts。通过扫读剩余选项以及文中的对应句，很容易得到答案。故此题答案为G。
Question 23
答案： C
关键词： Europeans, farming abroad
定位原文： F段内容“...with the beginning of the Modern Warm Period. There was a vast migration from Europe by land-hungry farmers and others,... ”
解题思路： 此题定位较易，根据定位词很容易找到对应段落，可知本题描述的是Modern Warm Period。故此题答案为C。
Question 24
答案: C
关键词: cutting down of trees
定位原文: F段第3句“Millions of hectares of forest…”
解题思路：砍伐树林开始影响气候。此题定位较容易，定位句指出，数百万公顷的森林和林地毁于拓荒者的斧下，并引起第一次人为的全球变暖。且此段整段均在谈论Modem Warm Period。故此题答案为C。
Question 25
答案： A
关键词： Europeans, discovered, other lands
定位原文：D段第2、3句“Part One describes the…”
解题思路：此题定位较易，在定位的第二句中指出，古斯堪的纳维亚的航海者们从欧洲北部出发探索北海，在格陵兰岛定居，并探访了北美大陆。故此题答案为A。
Question 26
答案： B
关键词： changes, fishing patterns
定位原文：E段倒数第4句“The Basques, Dutch,…”
解题思路：此题定位后需要略读的内容较多，但是通过fishing还是较易定位。文中指出，巴斯克人、荷兰人和英国人最先造出了能够适应在寒冷多风暴的大西洋中航行的离岸渔船。故此题答案为B。
剑桥雅思8阅读Test2答案解析Test 2 Passage 3
Question 27
答案： viii
关键词： 段落匹配题，无关键词
定位原文：A段第2句“It became apparent…”
解题思路：A段主题句指出，气味可以唤起强烈的情感回应，即指出了气味与感觉的关系。
因此答案为viii。
Question 28
答案： ii
关键词： 段落匹配题，无关键词
定位原文：B段第1句“Odours are also…”
解题思路：B段主题句强调气味是社会联系的基本线索，即指出了其在人际关系中的作用。因此答案为ii。
Question 29
答案： vi
关键词： 段落匹配题，无关键词
定位原文：C段第1句“In spite of its importance…”
解题思路：C段主题句后半部分指出嗅觉在很多文化中被轻视，随后分析原因。因此答案为vi。
Question 30
答案： i
关键词： 段落匹配题，无关键词
定位原文： D段第2句“Odours, unlike colours, for instance, cannot…”
解题思路： D段主题句直接指出了在很多语言中缺乏描述气味的词汇。因此答案为i。
Question 31
答案： iii
关键词： 段落匹配题，无关键词
定位原文： E段第2句“Significant advances…”
解题思路： E段主题句后半句转折之后指出，很多关于气味的最基本的问题还有待解决，即点明未来的研究任务。因此答案为：iii。
Question 32
答案： v
关键词： 段落匹配题，无关键词
定位原文： F段倒数第2句“Importantly, our commonly …”
解题思路： F段主题句较难确定。句中指出，对于气味的感觉可以区分不同的文化。关键要理解 distinguish…from…的意思。因此答案为v。
Question 33
答案： C
关键词： introduction, aware of, importance
定位原文： 引言最后一句
解题思路：题目问我们什么时候发现气味的重要性,引言最后一句说“只有嗅觉失灵时,我们 才感觉到它的重要性”，从而可得出答案。题干中的 aware of 对应本句中的 realize,题目中的 importance 对应本句中的 essential role,文章中的 is impaired 对应选项 C 中 damaged。
Question 34
答案： A
关键词： paragraph B, experiment
定位原文： B段最后1句“Most of the subjects…”
解题思路：通过题目中experiment定位至文章B 段第 5 行 test。本题考查实验所证明的理论, 应着重寻找其结论。由本段倒数第 2 行 the experiment revealed 可知,其后句子为实验结论。 原文中的 not consciously considered 对应选项 A 中 without realizing it。
Question 35
答案： C
关键词： paragraph C
定位原文： C段内容
解题思路： 由选项可知,本题求证作者的写作目的。由本段第 3 句 while 可知,作者采用驳论法。另外，本题也可通过排除法选出正确答案。
Question 36
答案： D
关键词： paragraph E, atmosphere
定位原文： E段第3句“Researchers…”
解题思路： 通过题目中的atmosphere定位至E 段第 3 句最后的 in the air。由本句的主句 researchers have still to decide 可知 D 选项 smell is yet to be defined 为正确答案。
Question 37
答案： clothing
关键词： tests, husbands and wives
定位原文： B段第4句“.. women and men were able to…”
解题思路：此题定位句中的marriage partners对应定位词。空格中所填词应为丈夫和妻子所拥有的一件东西，belonging to对应文中的worn by。故此题答案为clothing。
Question 38
答案： vocabulary
关键词： linguistic groups, describing
定位原文： D段第2句“Odours, unlike colours…”
解题思路： 此题定位有难度，但依据顺序原则及对之前所做题目的印象还是能定位到D段，其中 named 对应 describing, languages 对应linguistic groups。空格中所填词应为缺乏的东西。故此题答案为vocabulary。
Question 39
答案： chemicals
关键词： not smell, obvious odours
定位原文： E段第3句“... one responding to odours proper and the other registering odourless chemicals in the air.”
解题思路：此题定位较难，但根据第36题的定位句就能直接解题。句中的odourless对应not smell，空格中所填词应为闻不到的东西。故此题答案为chemicals 。
Question 40
答案： cultures
关键词： unpleasant
定位原文： F段第3句“...smells that are considered to be offensive in some cultures may be perfectly acceptable in others.”
解题思路：此题定位需要根据句子中的对立关系，文中的 offensive 和 perfectly acceptable即为对立，分别对应pleasant和unpleasant。空格中所填词应为被认为unpleasant的地方。故此题答案为cultures。
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