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Standard English conventions 标准英语用法
Conventions of Punctuation: Observing standard punctuation practices, including:
— End-of-sentence punctuation:句末标点(句号、问号或者感叹号)
— Within-sentence punctuation:句内标点(冒号、分号和破折号)
— Possessive nouns and pronouns:名词所有格和代词,区分单复数形式
— Items in a series:词间标点(逗号和分号分割并列成分)
— Nonrestrictive and parenthetical elements:非限定性成分和插入语
— Unnecessary punctuation: 不必要标点
Conventions of Usage: Observing standard usage practices, including:
— Pronoun clarity:指代明确
— Possessive determiners: 所有格限定词(区分物主代词和主谓结构)
— Agreement: 一致性(主谓一致,人称一致,名词单复数一致)
— Frequently confused words: 易混淆词汇(比如affect vs. effect)
— Logical comparison: 逻辑比较
— Conventional expression: 习惯用语
Sentence Structure
— Sentence boundaries: 句子边界(识别不完整句)
— Subordination and coordination: 逻辑关联词
— Parallel structure: 平行结构
— Modifier placement: 修饰语位置
— Inappropriate shifts in verb tense, mood, and voice:不合适的动词时态,语态,语气的变化
— Inappropriate shifts in pronoun person and number:不合适的人称代词和数的变化
铅笔 分割线
Expression of ideas 观点的表达
Development: 文章发展
— Proposition: Adding, revising, or retaining (leaving unchanged) thesis statements, topic sentences, claims, and the like — the “main ideas” of a passage or paragraph
建议类:增加,修改或保留论点句和主旨句
— Support: Adding, revising, or retaining material that supports a passage’s points or claims 支持类:增加,修改或保留支持论点的信息
— Focus: Adding, revising, retaining, or deleting material on the basis of relevance to the purpose (e.g., deleting an irrelevant sentence) 焦点类:增加,修改,保留或删除和目的相关的材料
— Quantitative information: Using data from informational graphics (tables, graphs, charts, and the like) to enhance the accuracy, precision, and overall effectiveness of a passage 数据类信息:使用图表信息准确、精确、有效反映文章内容
Organization:文章的组织结构
— Logical sequence: Ensuring that material is presented in a passage in the most logical place and order 逻辑排序
— Introductions, conclusions, and transitions: Improving the openings and closings of paragraphs and passages and the connections between and among information and ideas in a passage 引入句、总结句和过渡句
Effective Language Use:有效的语言使用
— Precision: Making word choice more exact or appropriate for the context 精确性
— Concision: Making word choice more economical and eliminating wordiness and redundancy 简洁性
— Style and tone: Making word choice consistent with the overall style and tone of a passage or accomplishing some particular rhetorical goal 风格和语气
— Syntax: Combining sentences to improve the flow of language or to accomplish some particular rhetorical goal 句法结构(合并句子)
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