36.And there were factories in occupations such as metalwork where individual contractors
presided over what were essentially handicraft proprietorships that coexisted within a single
building.
(where 引导定语从句;what 引导的从句作 presided over 的宾语)
仍然有像金属制造厂一类的工厂，在那里个体承包商管理在同一幢楼里的本质上是手工艺品
所有人的工场。
分句 1：And there were factories in occupations such as metalwork
分句 2：where individual contractors presided over
分句 3：what were essentially handicraft proprietorships
分句 4：that coexisted within a single building
分句 1 是整个长句子的主句
分句 2 是分句 1 的定语从句
分句 3 是 2 的宾语从句
分句 4 是 3 的定语从句。
1 和 2 嵌套
2 和 3 嵌套
3 和 4 嵌套
37.But as the number of wage earners in manufacturing rose from 2.7 million in 1880 to 4.5
million in 1900 to 8.4 million in 1920.the number of huge plants like the Baldwin Locomotive
Works in Philadelphia burgeoned，as did the size of the average plant.
(倒装结构 as did…)
但随着制造业中挣工资的人数从 1880 年的 270 万上升到 1900 年的 450 万到 1920 年的 840
万，像费城的包德温机车工厂这样的大型工厂的数量也大幅增加，同时普通工厂的规模也剧
增。
分句 1：But as the number of wage earners in manufacturing rose from 2.7 million in 1880 to 4.5
million in 1900 to 8.4 million in 1920
分句 2：the number of huge plants like the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia burgeoned
分句 3：as did the size of the average plant
分句 2 是整个长句子的主句
分句 1 是分句 2 的状语
分句 3 是 2 的并列句，同时它是一个省略句
1 和 2、3 嵌套
2 和 3 并列
38.What we today call American folk art was，indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday
“folks” who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds.and
especially for portraits.
(what 引导的从句作主语;介词结构(art)of，by，and for…——…所有、所创和所享的(艺术))
我们今天所称的美国民间艺术确实是被普通民众所有、所创和所享的艺术。随着日渐繁荣和
不断增加的空闲，这些民众为各种艺术，尤其是肖像艺术创造了一个市场。
分句 1：What we today call American folk art
分句 2：was，indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday “folks”
分句 3：who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds.and
especially for portraits
分句 1 是 2 的主语从句
分句 2 是整个长句子的主句
分句 3 是 2 的定语从句，修饰 folks，中间虽然有多个插入语，但仍是一个分句
1 和 2 嵌套
3 和 2 嵌套
39 . But in the heyday of portrait painting--from the late eighteenth century until the
1850’s—anyone with a modicum of artistic ability could become a limner as such a portraitist was
called.
(as 引导方式状语从句)
但是在肖像画的全盛期——从 18 世纪晚期一直到 19 世纪 50 年代——任何一个稍有艺术能
力的人都能够成为一个绘画者(人们当时就是这样称呼一个肖像画家的)。
分句 1：But in the heyday of portrait painting--from the late eighteenth century until the
1850’s—anyone with a modicum of artistic ability could become a limner as
分句 2：such a portraitist was called.
分句 1 是整个长句子的主句，中间的插入部分都是由介词引导，可见并不能算作分句
分句 2 是分句 1 的方式状语从句，由 as 引导
1 和 2 嵌套