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一、托福考试模拟题(一)
1. _________ a major role in future planetary exploration.
A.Robots will surely play
(B)Robots, which will surely play
(C)Because robots will surely be playing
D.Surely robots, which will be playing
2. Unlike the owl, bats cannot see very well, but they do
have_________.
A.it hears very well
(B)very good to hear
(C)tearing very well
D.very good hearing
3.Comparatively few clues in the United Slates have competing
newspapers
today, a major change from 1900 _________ more than two newspapers.
A.because then most large cities having
(B)when did most large cities have
(C)then most large cities that had
D.when most large cities had
4.Witch hazel extract, _________ distilled from the bark and twigs of
the
witch hazel shrub, has been utilized in medicine.
A.is
B.when to be
(C)which is
D.has been
5. _________ touching in O. Henry’s stories is the gallantry with which
ordinary people struggle to maintain their dignity.
A.Most is
B.It mostly is
C.Is it most
D.What is most
6. The face of the Moon is changed by collisions with meteoroids,
_________new craters to appear.
A. cause
B. causing
C. caused
D. have cause
7. Social scientists believe that _________ from sounds such as grunts
and
barks made by early ancestors of human beings.
A. the very slow development of language
B .language developed very slowly
C. language which,, was very slow to develop
D. language, very slowly developing
8. _________ substances include various forms of silica, pumice, and
emery.
A .Natural abrasives occur
B .Abrasion occurs in natural
C .Naturally occurring abrasive
D.A natural occurrence of abrasion
9. _________ in the upper part of their long1 thin legs all9w deer to
run
swiftly and jump far.
A. Muscles are powerful
B .There are powerful muscles
C. The powerful muscles that
D. Powerful muscles
10. Geophysicists have collaborated with archaeologists and
anthropologists
to study the magnetic properties of pottery and fireplaces at sites
_________--
by early humans.
A .occupied
B .occupying
C .which occupy
D .were occupied
11. _________ technically proficient; it also explores psychological
questions.
A .Not only is Barbara Astman’s artwork
B .Not only Barbara Asiman’s artwork
C .Barbara Astman1s artwork,, which is not only
D .Barbara Astman’s artwork not only
12. Although Canada’s Parliament can n
either administer or enforce laws initiate policy, it does have the
power to make laws and vote on the allocation of funds.
A. not
B. nor
C. and
D. either
13. Willa Cather considered her novel of life in nineteenth-century
Nebraska, My Antonia,_________
A. was her best work
B. her best work
C. her best work it was
D. being her best work
14.First designated in 1970, Earth Day has become an annual
international
event concerns about environmental issues such as pollution.
A.dedicated to raising
B.dedicated raising
C.dedicates to raise
D.that dedicates to raising
15. In 1992 Albert Gore, Jr., the son of a former United States
senator,
became Vice President of the United States.
A.who was the forty-fifth
B.and the forty-fifth
C.the forty-fifth
D.he was the forty-fifth
16. Although Christopher Columbus failed in his (A) original goal, the
discoveries(B) hedid make were as(C) Important than the route to Asia
he
expected(D) to find.
17. Martha Graham, a (A)leading figure in modern dance, made she(B)
Debut in (C)1920 with(D) the Denishawn School.
18. In the United States, the federal government (A) is responsible
to(B)
regulating the working conditions(C) in factories(D).
19. Jupiter is(A) a gaseous planet with(B) an atmosphere composed
most(C)
of hydrogen and(D) helium.
20. Throughout her career(A) Georgia O’keeffe paid(B) meticulous
Attention to her craft; her brushes were always(C) clean, her colors fresh and brightness(D).
21. Hydrogen the nine (A) most abundant element in the Earth’s
crust(B),is an(C) odorless, colorless, and tasteless(D) gas.
22. Salamanders are frequently (A) to be find(B) in moist(C), wooded(D)
areas.
23. Steam engines have been replaced (A) in most(B) cases by(C) more
economical and efficiency(D) devices, such as the electric motor.
24. Traditionally(A), the Fourth of July is celebrated(B) in the United
States with political speeches, picnics, and most important of all(C),
a
displayed(D) of fireworks at night.
25. The style of used (A) in cartoon animation range from relatively(B)
realistic representations of everyday life to the most romantic and
impossible
fantasy(D).
26. Ordinary(A) beaver dams vary(B) in length from a few feet(C) to a
hundred feel ormore than(D).
27. In the United State, presidential elections(A) are held(B) once
every(C) four year(D).
otor.
24. Traditionally(A), the Fourth of July is celebrated(B) in the United
States with political speeches, picnics, and most important of all(C),
a
displayed(D) of fireworks at night.
25. The style of used (A) in cartoon animation range from relatively(B)
realistic representations of everyday life to the most romantic and
impossible
fantasy(D).
26. Ordinary(A) beaver dams vary(B) in length from a few feet(C) to a
hundred feel ormore than(D).
27. In the United State, presidential elections(A) are held(B) once
every(C) four year(D).
br>
28.Except of (A) the freehand toe, the feet(B) of the(C) gull are
fully(D) webbed.
29. Teaching machines are devices that can store instructionally(A)
information,present displays, receive(B) responses from a learner(C), and
act
on those(D) responses.
30. Challotte Perkins Gilman Is known primarily (A) as an author of
short(B) stories, but she also wrote an influential book argued(C) for
equal(D)
economic opportunities for women.
31. In some areas(A) of the United States, unfavorable climate or(B)
soil
make farming(C)an impossible(D) task.
32. Naturalists have identified(A) at least four hundred of species(B)
of
mammals andsix hundred types of birds(C) in the state of(D) California.
33. Instead of tooth(A), the blue whale has a row(B) of bony plates in
its(C) mouththat functions as(D) a food-collecting device.
34. Murres are black-and-white driving(A) birds that mate every five or
six
years and lay(B) only a single(C) egg at time(D).
35. A bar code consists(A) a pattern of lines(B) and bars that(C) a
computer can translateinto information(D).
36. Hummingbirds are(A) the only(B) birds(C) that can fly to
backwards(D).
37. Fluorine, a greenish-yellow gas that is slightly heavy(A) than air
is
poisonous(B)and corrosive and has a penetrating and disagreeable(D)
odor.
38. The Everglades, a large swamp area(A) is an(B) unique wilderness(C)
extending over much(D) of southern Florida.
39. Each year(A) millions of tons(B) of fertile topsoil that could(C)
produce good crops washed(D) away by rains.
40. Since the(A) 1950's, folk' music has had(B) a significant(C)
Influence on many(D) popular vocal and instrumental music.
Questions 1-11
Before the 1500’s, the western plains of North America were dominated by
farmers. One group, the Mandans, lived in the upper Missouri River country,
primarily in present-day North Dakota. They had large villages of houses built
close together. The tight arrangement enabled the Mandans to protect themselves
more easily from the attacks of others who might seek to obtain some of the food
these highly capable farmers stored from one year to the next.
The women had primary responsibility for the fields. They had to exercise
considerable skill to produce the desired results, for their northern location
meant fleeting growing seasons. Winter often lingered; autumn could be ushered
in by severe frost. For good measure, du ring the spring and summer, drought,
heat, hail, grasshoppers, and other
frustrations might await the wary grower.
Under such conditions, Mandan women had to grow maize capable of weathering
adversity. They began as early as it appeared feasible to do so in the spring.
clearing the land, using fire to clear stubble from the fields and
then planting. From this point until the first green corn could be
harvested, the crop required labor and vigilance.
Harvesting proceeded in two stages. In August the Mandans picked a smaller
amount of the crop before it had matured fully. This green corn was boiled,
dried, and shelled, with some of the maize slated for immediate consumption and
the rest stored in animal-skin bags. Later in the fall, the people picked corn.
They saved the best of the harvest for seeds or for trade, with the remainder
eaten right away or stored for later use in underground reserves. With
appropriate banking of the extra food, the Mandans protected themselves against
the disaster of crop failure and accompanying hunger.
The women planted another staple, squash, about the first of June, and
harvested it near the time of the green corn harvest. After they picked it, they
sliced it, dried it, and strung the slices before they stored them. Once again,
they saved the seed from the best of the year’s crop. The Mandans also grew
sunflowers and tobacco; the latter was the particular task of the old men.
1. The Mandans built their houses close together in order to
(A) guard their supplies of food
(B) protect themselves against the weather
(C) allow more room for growing corn
(D) share farming implements
2. The word "enabled" in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(A)covered
(B) reminded
(C)helped
(D)isolated
3.The word "considerable" in line 8 is closest in meaning to
(A) planning
(B) much
(C) physical
(D) flew
4.Why does the author believe that the Mandans were skilled farmers?
(A) They developed effective fertilizers.
(B) They developed new varieties of corn.
(C) They could grow crops in most types of soil.
(D) They could grow crops despite adverse weather.
5. Tile word "consumption" in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(A) decay
(B) planting
(C) eating
(D) conversion
6. Which of the following processes does the author imply was done by both men and women?
(A) Clearing fields
(B) Planting corn
(C) Harvesting corn
D) harvesting squash.
7. The word "disaster" in line 22 is closest in meaning to
(A)control
(B)catastrophe
(C)avoidance
(D)history
8. According to the passage, the Mandans preserved their food by
(A)smoking
(B)drying
(C)freezing.
(D)salting
9. The word "it" in line 25 refers to
(A)June
(B)corn
(C)time
(D)squash
10. Which of the following crops was cultivated primarily by men
(A) Corn
(B)Squash
(C)Sunflower
(D)Tobacco
11. Throughout the passage, the author implies that the Mandans
(A)planned for the future
(B) valued individuality
(C)were open to strangers
(D)were very adventurous
D) harvesting squash.
二、托福模拟试题(二)
Hormones in the Body
Up to the beginning of the twentieth century, the nervous system was thought to control all communication within the body and the resulting integration of behavior. Scientists had determined that nerves ran, essentially, on electrical impulses. These impulses were thought to be the engine for thought, emotion, movement, and internal processes such as digestion. However, experiments by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling on the chemical secretin, which is produced in the small intestine when food enters the stomach, eventually challenged that view. From the small intestine, secretin travels through the bloodstream to the pancreas. There, it stimulates the release of digestive chemicals. In this fashion, the intestinal cells that produce secretin ultimately regulate the production of different chemicals in a different organ, the pancreas.
Such a coordination of processes had been thought to require control by the nervous system; Bayliss and Starling showed that it could occur through chemicals alone. This discovery spurred Starling to coin the term hormone to refer to secretin, taking it from the Greek word hormon, meaning “to excite” or “to set in motion.” A hormone is a chemical produced by one tissue to make things happen elsewhere.
As more hormones were discovered, they were categorized, primarily according to the process by which they operated on the body. Some glands (which make up the endocrine system) secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Such glands include the thyroid and the pituitary. The exocrine system consists of organs and glands that produce substances that are used outside the bloodstream, primarily for digestion. The pancreas is one such organ, although it secretes some chemicals into the blood and thus is also part of the endocrine system.
Much has been learned about hormones since their discovery. Some play such key roles in regulating bodily processes or behavior that their absence would cause immediate death. The most abundant hormones have effects that are less obviously urgent but can be more far-reaching and difficult to track: They modify moods and affect human behavior, even some behavior we normally think of as voluntary. Hormonal systems are very intricate. Even minute amounts of the right chemicals can suppress appetite, calm aggression, and change the attitude of a parent toward a child. Certain hormones accelerate the development of the body, regulating growth and form; others may even define an individual’s personality characteristics. The quantities and proportions of hormones produced change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.
In fact, some hormone therapies are already very common. A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age. Known as hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the treatment was also believed to prevent weakening of the bones. At least one study has linked HRT with a heightened risk of heart disease and certain types of cancer. HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form. Some proponents of HRT have tempered their enthusiasm in the face of this new evidence, recommending it only to patients whose symptoms interfere with their abilities to live normal lives.
Human growth hormone may also be given to patients who are secreting abnormally low amounts on their own. Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it. Growth hormone affects not just physical size but also the digestion of food and the aging process. Researchers and family physicians tend to agree that it is foolhardy to dispense it in cases in which the risks are not clearly outweighed by the benefits.
27. The word engine in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) desire
(B) origin
(C) science
(D) chemical
28. The word it in the passage refers to
(A) secretin
(B) small intestine
(C) bloodstream
(D) pancreas
29. The word spurred in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) remembered
(B) surprised
(C) invented
(D) motivated
30. To be considered a hormone, a chemical produced in the body must
(A) be part of the digestive process
(B) influence the operations of the nervous system
(C) affect processes in a different part of the body
(D) regulate attitudes and behavior
31. The glands and organs mentioned in paragraph 3 are categorized according to
(A) whether scientists understand their function
(B) how frequently they release hormones into the body
(C) whether the hormones they secrete influence the aging process
(D) whether they secrete chemicals into the blood
Paragraph 3 is marked with an arrow [→]
32. The word key in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) misunderstood
(B) precise
(C) significant
(D) simple
33. The word minute in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) sudden
(B) small
(C) changing
(D) noticeable
34. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
(A) Most moods and actions are not voluntary because they are actually produced by the production of hormones in the body.
(B) Because the effects of hormones are difficult to measure, scientists remain unsure how far-reaching their effects on moods and actions are.
(C) When the body is not producing enough hormones, urgent treatment may be necessary to avoid psychological damage.
(D) The influence of many hormones is not easy to measure, but they can affect both people’s psychology and actions extensively.
35. The word tempered in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) decreased
(B) advertised
(C) prescribed
(D) researched
36. Which patients are usually treated with growth hormone?
(A) Adults of smaller statue than normal
(B) Adults with strong digestive systems
(C) Children who are not at risk from the treatment
(D) Children who may remain abnormally small
37.Which of the following sentences explains the primary goal of hormone replacement therapy?
These sentences are highlighted in the passage.
(A) The quantities and proportions of hormones produced change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.
(B) A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age.
(C) HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form.
(D) Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it.
38. Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.The body is a complex machine, however, and recent studies have called into question the wisdom of essentially trying to fool its systems into believing they aren’t aging.Where would the sentence best fit?Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.
39. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
The class of chemicals called hormones was discovered by two researchers studying a substance produced in the small intestine.
Answer Choices
The term hormone is based on a Greek word that means "to excite" or "to set in motion."Researchers are looking for ways to decrease the dangers of treatments with growth hormone so that more patients can benefit from it.
Hormones can be given artificially, but such treatments have risks and must be used carefully.Hormones can affect not only life processes such as growth but also behavior and emotion.
Scientists have discovered that not only the nervous system but also certain chemicals can affect bodily processes far from their points of origin.Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may increase the risk of blood clots and heart disease in middle-age women.
Answer Keys
Reading：
27. B
28. A
29. D
30. C
31. D
32. C
33. B
34. D
35. A
36. D
37. A
38. third square
39.1) Scientists have discovered that not only the nervous system….
2) Hormones can affect not only life processes…..
3) Researchers are looking for ways to decrease the dangers of ….
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